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OSM
Forskningsstationer i Antarktis. Kilde: Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP)
En række lande har faste polarforskningsstationer i Antarktis , både helårsbemandede og sommerbemandede.
I alt 30 lande, som alle har underskrevet Antarktistraktaten , driver forskningsstationer på helårsbasis eller sommerbasis på det antarktiske kontinent eller på øer syd for 60° sydlig bredde. Stationerne har samlet omtrent 4.000 personer om sommeren og 1.000 personer, som kan overvintre. Foruden de faste stationer findes hver sommer et antal mindre stationer, som benyttes til feltarbejde (feltstationer).
For at få status som konsultativ part under Antarktistraktaten og dermed voteringsrettigheter i samarbejdet kræves det, at landet driver omfattende forskning i Antarktis.[ 1]
Lande med forskningsstationer i Antarktis 2016. Belgiens første station indviet i 2009.
Norges forskningsstation Troll i Dronning Maud Land.
USAs Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station på Sydpolen.
Argentinas base Almirante Brown i Paradise Bay på Antarktishalvøen .
*Konsultative parter under Antarktistraktaten.
Nederland er eneste konsultative part under Antarktistraktaten uden forskningsstation i Antarktis, men landet har et samarbejde med British Antarctic Survey .
Navn
Land
Etableret
Bemandet
Beliggenhed
Koordinater
Aboa
Finland
1988
Sommer
Dronning Maud Land – Vestfjella
73°03′S 13°25′V / 73.050°S 13.417°V / -73.050; -13.417 (Aboa, Finland )
Almirante Brown
Argentina
1951
Sommer
Antarktishalvøen – Paradise Bay
64°53′S 62°53′V / 64.883°S 62.883°V / -64.883; -62.883 (Almirante Brown, Argentina )
Amundsen-Scott
USA
1957
Permanent
Det geografiske sydpolen
89°59′51″S 139°16′22″Ø / 89.99750°S 139.27278°Ø / -89.99750; 139.27278 (Amundsen-Scott, USA )
Arctowski
Polen
1977
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°09.2′S 058°28.9′V / 62.1533°S 58.4817°V / -62.1533; -58.4817 (Arctowski, Polen )
Artigas
Uruguay
1984
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°11′S 58°54′V / 62.183°S 58.900°V / -62.183; -58.900 (Artigas, Uruguay )
Arturo Prat
Chile
1947
Sommer
Sydshetlandsøerne – Greenwich Island
62°30′S 59°41′V / 62.500°S 59.683°V / -62.500; -59.683 (Arturo Prat, Chile )
Asuka
Japan
1985
Ubemandet
Dronning Maud Land
71°31′34″S 24°08′17″Ø / 71.52611°S 24.13806°Ø / -71.52611; 24.13806 (Asuka, Japan )
Belgrano II
Argentina
1979
Permanent
Coats Land – Vahselbugten
77°52′S 34°37′V / 77.867°S 34.617°V / -77.867; -34.617 (Belgrano II, Argentina )
Bellingshausen
Rusland
1968
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°11′47″S 58°57′39″V / 62.19639°S 58.96083°V / -62.19639; -58.96083 (Bellingshausen, Rusland )
Bernardo O'Higgins
Chile
1948
Permanent
Antarktishalvøen
63°19′S 57°54′V / 63.317°S 57.900°V / -63.317; -57.900 (Bernardo O'Higgins, Chile )
Cámara
Argentina
1953
Sommer
Sydshetlandsøerne – Half Moon Island
62°36′S 59°54′V / 62.600°S 59.900°V / -62.600; -59.900 (Cámara, Argentina )
Casey Station
Australien
1959
Permanent
Wilkes Land – Vincennes Bay
66°17′S 110°32′Ø / 66.283°S 110.533°Ø / -66.283; 110.533 (Casey Station, Australien )
Comandante Ferraz
Brasilien
1984
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°05.1′S 58°24.2′V / 62.0850°S 58.4033°V / -62.0850; -58.4033 (Comandante Ferraz, Brasilien )
Concordia
Frankrig Italien
2005
Permanent
Antarktisplateauet – Dome C
75°06′S 123°20′Ø / 75.100°S 123.333°Ø / -75.100; 123.333 (Concordia, Italien )
Davis Station
Australien
1957
Permanent
Princess Elizabeth Land – Vestfold Hills
68°35′S 77°58′Ø / 68.583°S 77.967°Ø / -68.583; 77.967 (Davis Station, Australien )
Decepción
Argentina
1948
Sommer
Sydshetlandsøerne – Deception Island
62°58′32″S 60°41′56″V / 62.97556°S 60.69889°V / -62.97556; -60.69889 (Decepción, Argentina )
Dome Fuji
Japan
1995
Sommer
Antarktisplateauet – Dome F
77°19′01″S 39°42′12″Ø / 77.31694°S 39.70333°Ø / -77.31694; 39.70333 (Dome Fuji, Japan )
Dumont d'Urville
Frankrig
1956
Permanent
Adélie Land
66°40′S 140°00′Ø / 66.667°S 140.000°Ø / -66.667; 140.000 (Dumont d'Urville, Frankrig )
Eduardo Frei
Chile
1969
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°11.7′S 58°58.7′V / 62.1950°S 58.9783°V / -62.1950; -58.9783 (Eduardo Frei, Chile )
Escudero
Chile
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°12.3′S 58°58.5′V / 62.2050°S 58.9750°V / -62.2050; -58.9750 (Escudero, Chile )
Esperanza
Argentina
1975
Permanent
Antarktishalvøen – Hope Bay
63°24′S 57°00′V / 63.400°S 57.000°V / -63.400; -57.000 (Esperanza, Argentina )
Gabriel de Castilla
Spanien
1989
Sommer
Sydshetlandsøerne – Deception Island
62°58′S 60°41′V / 62.967°S 60.683°V / -62.967; -60.683 (Gabriel de Castilla, Spanien )
Gonzáles Videla
Chile
1957
Sommer
Antarktishalvøen – Paradise Bay
64°49′S 62°52′V / 64.817°S 62.867°V / -64.817; -62.867 (Gonzáles Videla, Chile )
Great Wall
Kina
1985
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°13′S 58°58.2′V / 62.217°S 58.9700°V / -62.217; -58.9700 (Great Wall, Kina )
Halley Research Station
Storbritannien
1956
Permanent
Coats Land – Brunt isbrem
75°35′S 26°34′V / 75.583°S 26.567°V / -75.583; -26.567 (Halley Research Station, Storbritannien )
Jinnah
Pakistan
1991
Sommer
Dronning Maud Land – Syd-Rondane
70°24′S 25°45′Ø / 70.400°S 25.750°Ø / -70.400; 25.750 (Jinnah, Pakistan )
Juan Carlos I Base
Spanien
1988
Sommer
Sydshetlandsøerne – Livingston Island
62°39′S 60°23′V / 62.650°S 60.383°V / -62.650; -60.383 (Juan Carlos I Base, Spanien )
Jubany
Argentina
1953
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°14.2′S 58°40.6′V / 62.2367°S 58.6767°V / -62.2367; -58.6767 (Jubany, Argentina )
King Sejong Station
Sydkorea
1988
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°13.2′S 58°47′V / 62.2200°S 58.783°V / -62.2200; -58.783 (King Sejong Station, Sydkorea )
Kohnen
Tyskland
2001
Sommer
Dronning Maud Land
70°00′S 00°04′Ø / 70.000°S 0.067°Ø / -70.000; 0.067 (Kohnen, Tyskland )
Kunlun Station
Kina
2009
Sommer
Antarktisplateauet – Dome A
80°25′01″S 77°06′58″Ø / 80.41694°S 77.11611°Ø / -80.41694; 77.11611 (Kunlun Station, Kina )
Law-Racoviţă Station
Rumænien
1986
Sommer
Princess Elizabeth Land – Larsemann Hills
69°23′S 76°23′Ø / 69.383°S 76.383°Ø / -69.383; 76.383 (Law-Racoviţă Station, Rumænien )
Leningradskaja
Rusland
1971
Genåbnet i 2007/2008
Victoria Land – Oates Coast
69°30′S 159°23′Ø / 69.500°S 159.383°Ø / -69.500; 159.383 (Leningradskaja, Rusland )
Machu Picchu
Peru
1989
Sommer
Sydshetlandsøerne – King George Island
62°05.4′S 58°28.1′V / 62.0900°S 58.4683°V / -62.0900; -58.4683 (Machu Picchu, Peru )
Maitri
Indien
1989
Permanent
Dronning Maud Land – Vassfjellet
70°45.58′S 11°43.56′Ø / 70.75967°S 11.72600°Ø / -70.75967; 11.72600 (Maitri, Indien )
Marambio Base
Argentina
1969
Permanent
Antarktishalvøen – Seymourøya
64°14′S 56°37′V / 64.233°S 56.617°V / -64.233; -56.617 (Marambio Base, Argentina )
Mario Zucchelli
Italien
1986
Sommer
Rosshavet – Terra Nova Bay
74°42′S 164°07′Ø / 74.700°S 164.117°Ø / -74.700; 164.117 (Mario Zucchelli, Italien )
Matienzo
Argentina
1961
Sommer
Antarktishalvøen
64°58′S 60°08′V / 64.967°S 60.133°V / -64.967; -60.133 (Matienzo, Argentina )
Mawson
Australien
1954?
Permanent
Mac. Robertson Land
67°36′S 62°53′Ø / 67.600°S 62.883°Ø / -67.600; 62.883 (Mawson, Australien )
McMurdo Station
USA
1956
Permanent
Rosshavet – Ross-øen
77°51′S 166°40′Ø / 77.850°S 166.667°Ø / -77.850; 166.667 (Ross-øen, USA )
Melchior
Argentina
1947
Irregulært
Antarktishalvøen
64°20′S 62°59′V / 64.333°S 62.983°V / -64.333; -62.983 (Melchior, Argentina )
Mendel Polar Station
Tjekkiet
2006
Sommer
Antarktishalvøen – James Ross Island
63°48′S 57°52′V / 63.800°S 57.867°V / -63.800; -57.867 (Mendel Polar Station, Tjekkiet )
Mirnyj
Rusland
1956
Permanent
Davishavet
66°33′07″S 93°00′53″Ø / 66.55194°S 93.01472°Ø / -66.55194; 93.01472 (Mirnyj, Rusland )
Mizuho
Japan
1970
Irregulært
Dronning Maud Land
70°41′53″S 44°19′54″Ø / 70.69806°S 44.33167°Ø / -70.69806; 44.33167 (Mizuho, Japan )
Molodyozhnaja
Rusland Hviderusland
1962
Genåbnet 2007/2008
Enderby Land
67°40′18″S 45°51′21″Ø / 67.67167°S 45.85583°Ø / -67.67167; 45.85583 (Molodyozhnaja, Rusland )
Neumayer III
Tyskland
2009
Permanent
Dronning Maud Land – Atkabugten
70°40.8′S 08°16.2′V / 70.6800°S 8.2700°V / -70.6800; -8.2700 (Neumayer III, Tyskland )
Novolazarevskaja
Rusland
1961
Permanent
Dronning Maud Land – Vassfjeldet
70°46′04″S 11°49′54″Ø / 70.76778°S 11.83167°Ø / -70.76778; 11.83167 (Novolazarevskaja, Rusland )
Orcadas
Argentina
1904
Permanent
Sydorkneyøerne – Laurie Island
60°44′S 44°44′V / 60.733°S 44.733°V / -60.733; -44.733 (Orcadas, Argentina )
Palmer Station
USA
1968
Permanent
Antarktishalvøen – Anvers Island
64°46′27″S 64°3′11″V / 64.77417°S 64.05306°V / -64.77417; -64.05306 (Palmer Station, USA )
Pedro Vicente Maldonado
Ecuador
1990
Sydshetlandsøerne – Greenwich Island
62°27′S 59°42′V / 62.450°S 59.700°V / -62.450; -59.700 (Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Ecuador )
Petrel
Argentina
1967
Sommer
Antarktishalvøen – Dundee Island
63°28′S 56°17′V / 63.467°S 56.283°V / -63.467; -56.283 (Petrel, Argentina )
Primavera
Argentina
1977
Sommer
Antarktishalvøen
64°09′S 60°58′V / 64.150°S 60.967°V / -64.150; -60.967 (Primavera, Argentina )
Princess Elisabeth
Belgien
2007
Sommer
Dronning Maud Land – Utsteinen
71°57′S 23°20′Ø / 71.950°S 23.333°Ø / -71.950; 23.333 (Princess Elisabeth, Belgien )
Progress II
Rusland
1988
Permanent
Princess Elizabeth Land – Larsemann Hills
69°22′44″S 76°23′13″Ø / 69.37889°S 76.38694°Ø / -69.37889; 76.38694 (Progress II, Rusland )
Rothera
Storbritannien
1975
Permanent
Antarktishalvøen – Adelaide Island
67°34′S 68°08′V / 67.567°S 68.133°V / -67.567; -68.133 (Rothera, Storbritannien )
Russkaya Station
Rusland
1980
Genåbnet i 2007/2008
Marie Byrd Land
74°46′S 136°52′V / 74.767°S 136.867°V / -74.767; -136.867 (Russkaya Station, Rusland )
San Martín
Argentina
1951
Permanent
Antarktishalvøen
68°08′S 67°06′V / 68.133°S 67.100°V / -68.133; -67.100 (San Martín, Argentina )
SANAE IV
Sydafrika
1997
Permanent
Dronning Maud Land – Vesleskarvet
71°40′S 2°51′V / 71.667°S 2.850°V / -71.667; -2.850 (SANAE IV, Sydafrika )
St. Kliment Ohridski
Bulgarien
1988
Permanent
Sydshetlandsøerne – Livingston Island
62°38′29″S 60°21′53″V / 62.64139°S 60.36472°V / -62.64139; -60.36472 (St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgarien )
Scott Base
New Zealand
1957
Permanent
Rosshavet – Ross-øen
77°51′S 166°45′Ø / 77.850°S 166.750°Ø / -77.850; 166.750 (Scott Bane, New Zealand )
Signy
Storbritannien
1947
Sommer
Sydorkneyøerne – Signy Island
60°43′S 45°36′V / 60.717°S 45.600°V / -60.717; -45.600 (Signy Research Station, Storbritannien )
Syowa
Japan
1957
Permanent
Dronning Maud Land – Lützow-Holmbugten
69°00′22″S 39°35′24″Ø / 69.00611°S 39.59000°Ø / -69.00611; 39.59000 (Syowa, Japan )
Svea
Sverige
1988
Sommer
Dronning Maud Land – Heimefrontfjella
74°35′S 11°13′V / 74.583°S 11.217°V / -74.583; -11.217 (Svea, Sverige )
Tor
Norge
1993
Feltstation
Dronning Maud Land – Svarthamaren
71°53′20″S 05°09′30″Ø / 71.88889°S 5.15833°Ø / -71.88889; 5.15833 (Tor, Norge )
Troll
Norge
1990
Permanent
Dronning Maud Land – Jutulsessen
72°00′43.5″S 2°31′56″Ø / 72.012083°S 2.53222°Ø / -72.012083; 2.53222 (Troll, Norge )
Vernadsky
Ukraine
1994
Permanent
Antarktishalvøen – Argentine Islands
65°14′S 64°15′V / 65.233°S 64.250°V / -65.233; -64.250 (Vernadsky, Ukraine )
Wasa
Sverige
1989
Sommer
Dronning Maud Land – Vestfjella
73°03′S 13°25′V / 73.050°S 13.417°V / -73.050; -13.417 (Wasa, Sverige )
Vostok
Rusland
1957
Permanent
Antarktisplateauet
78°28′S 106°48′Ø / 78.467°S 106.800°Ø / -78.467; 106.800 (Vostok, Rusland )
Zhongshan
Kina
1989
Permanent
Princess Elizabeth Land – Larsemann Hills
69°22′44″S 76°22′40″Ø / 69.37889°S 76.37778°Ø / -69.37889; 76.37778 (Zhongshan, Kina )