Kammback
En kammback er en type bildesign, hvor bagenden af bilen skråner nedad, før den stopper abrupt med en vertikal overflade. Kammback-designet forbedrer bilens aerodynamik, idet den minimerer det undertryk der opstår bag bilen, og dermed luftmodstanden, samtidig med at det bibeholder en praktisk form for bilen. Kammback er navngivet efter den tyske aerodynamikforsker Wunibald Kamm, der udviklede designet i 1930'erne.
Kammbackdesignet reducerer brændstofforbruget og forbedrer ydeevnen ved høje hastigheder.
Biler i Kammbackdesign
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]Biler med Kammbackdesign inkluderer:
- 1940 BMW 328 "Mille Miglia" Kamm coupé[1][2]
- 1952 Cunningham C-4RK
- 1961 Ferrari 250 GT SWB Breadvan
- 1962–1964 Ferrari 250 GTO
- 1963 Aston Martin DP215
- 1963–1974 Bizzarrini Iso Grifo[3]
- 1965-1965 Shelby Daytona
- 1965–1971 Aston Martin DB6[4]
- 1965–1968 Ford GT40[5]
- 1965–1970 Aston Martin DB6
- 1966-1974 Saab Sonett II and III[6]
- 1968–1973 Ferrari 365 GTB/4 ("Daytona")
- 1968–1976 Ferrari Dino[7]
- 1969–1971 Fiat 850 Coupe og Sport Coupe
- 1970–1975 Citroën SM
- 1970–1977 Alfa Romeo Montreal
- 1970–1986 Citroën GS[8]
- 1970–1978 Datsun 240Z, 260Z, 280Z
- 1971–1989 Alfa Romeo Alfasud[8]
- 1971–1973 Ford Mustang Fastback[9]
- 1972–1982 Maserati Khamsin
- 1974–1991 Citroën CX
- 1985-1995 Autobianchi Y10 / Lancia Y10
- 1991–1998 Mazda MX-3
- 1994–1998 Mazda Familia Neo/323C
- 2000–2006 Honda Insight[10]
- 2004–present Toyota Prius[11]
- 2010–2014 Honda Insight (2nd generation)[12]
- 2010–nu Audi A7
- 2017-nu Hyundai Ioniq[13]
- 2020–... Tesla Model Y
Referencer
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]- ^ "BMW Press Release dated 27 March 2007. "BMW at Techno Classica". Arkiveret fra originalen 27. maj 2007. Hentet 9. juni 2014.
Kamm was a key figure in the design of the body for this . . .car, which was built specially for the Mille Miglia 1940."
- ^ "Victory in Italy". bmw-motorsport. 9. juni 2014. Arkiveret fra originalen 20. marts 2007.
Giovanni Lurani and Franco Cortes have to retire on lap seven with their BMW 328 'Mille Miglia' Kamm coupe.
- ^ Editors of Consumer Guide (17. maj 2007). "Iso Grifo". auto.howstuffworks.com. Arkiveret fra originalen 30. juni 2014. Hentet 9. juni 2014.
{{cite web}}:|author=har et generisk navn (hjælp) - ^ Barry, Keith (22. juli 2010). "Retro Rides Reborn and Reinvented". Wired. Hentet 25. februar 2016.
Featuring a Kammback tail, the DB6 had ...
- ^ "Ford Mk IV". Ultimate Car Page. 9. juni 2014.
...cut-off 'Kamm' tail
- ^ Krebs, Michelle (7. marts 2011). "Saab Tells the World: 'We're Still Here'". Edmunds. Hentet 25. februar 2016.
...Kamm-back tail, both reminiscent of the original Saab Sonett.
- ^ Nye, Doug (2004). Dino, The Little Ferrari. Motorbooks. s. 110. ISBN 0-7603-2010-1.
...a cut-off Kamm-theory tail...
- ^ a b Robinson, Peter; LOCI Ltd (2002). "The Pininfarina 1800". LOCI Ltd. Hentet 9. juni 2014.
- ^ Leffingwell, Randy (2002). Mustang: The Original Muscle Car. MBI Publishing. s. 126. ISBN 978-0-7603-1349-7. Hentet 9. juni 2014.
- ^ Larminie, James; Lowry, John (2004). Electric Vehicle Technology Explained. Wiley. s. 8-32. ISBN 9780470090695. Hentet 27. februar 2016.
At the back of the Insight the teardrop shape is abruptly cut off in what is called the Kamm effect.
- ^ Zenlea, David (8. februar 2012). "First Drive: 2012 Toyota Prius C". Automobile. Hentet 27. februar 2016.
...featuring the same Kammback profile as the Prius and Prius V hatchbacks...
- ^ Peters, Eric (22. maj 2014). "2014 Honda Insight Review". National Motorists Association. Hentet 27. februar 2016.
...a Kammback layout, meaning the roof slopes gradually backward where it meets up with a fairly tall/vertical tail section.
- ^ Halvorson, Bengt (2017-02-20). "2017 Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid". Car and Driver. Hentet 2019-06-19.
Despite the Ioniq’s wind-cheating Kamm-back profile, the styling is far more conservative than that of the polarizing Prius.