Intelligent by
En intelligent by (engelsk: smart city) er et teknologisk moderne byområde, der bruger forskellige typer elektroniske metoder, stemmestyringsmetoder og sensorer til at indsamle specifikke data . Informationen, der opnås fra data, bruges til at administrere aktiver, ressourcer og tjenester effektivt; til gengæld bruges data til at forbedre driften på tværs af byen. Dette omfatter data indsamlet fra borgere, enheder, bygninger og aktiver, der behandles og analyseres for at overvåge og styre trafik- og transportsystemer, kraftværker, forsyningsselskaber, vandforsyningsnetværk, affald, kriminalitetsefterforskning,[1] informationssystemer, skoler, biblioteker, hospitaler og andre kommunale tjenester.[2][3] Intelligente byer defineres som intelligente såvel på den måde, hvorpå deres regeringer udnytter teknologien, som i hvordan de overvåger, analyserer, planlægger og styrer byen.[4]
Intelligente byer integrerer informations- og kommunikationsteknologi (IKT) og forskellige fysiske enheder forbundet til tingenes internet (IoT) for at optimere effektiviteten af byens drift og tjenester og komme i kontakt med borgerne.[5][6] Intelligent byteknologi giver byens embedsmænd mulighed for at interagere direkte med både lokalsamfundet og byens infrastruktur og overvåge, hvad der sker i byen, og hvordan byen udvikler sig. IKT bruges til at forbedre kvaliteten, ydeevnen og samvirket af bytjenester, reducere omkostninger og ressourceforbrug og øge kontakten mellem borgere og myndigheder.[7] Intelligente byer er udviklet til at styre bystrømme og give mulighed for realtidssvar.[8] En intelligent by kan derfor være mere parat til at reagere på udfordringer end en med et konventionelt "transaktionelt" forhold til sine borgere.[9][10] Alligevel forbliver begrebet i sig selv uklart i dets detaljer og er derfor åbent for mange fortolkninger.[11]
Referencer
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]- ^ Connected Vehicles in Smart Cities: The Future of Transportation Arkiveret 13. april 2020 hos Wayback Machine Published by interestingengineering.com on 16 November 2018, retrieved on 4 April 2019
- ^ McLaren, Duncan; Agyeman, Julian (2015). Sharing Cities: A Case for Truly Smart and Sustainable Cities (engelsk). MIT Press. ISBN 9780262029728.
- ^ Sam Musa. "Smart City Roadmap".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal kræver|journal=(hjælp) - ^ Mills, D.; Pudney, S.; Pevcin, P.; Dvorak, J. Evidence-Based Public Policy Decision-Making in Smart Cities: Does Extant Theory Support Achievement of City Sustainability Objectives? Sustainability 2022, 14, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010003
- ^ "The 3 Generations of Smart Cities". 10. august 2015. Arkiveret fra originalen 9. oktober 2017. Hentet 17. oktober 2017.
- ^ Peris-Ortiz, Marta; Bennett, Dag R. (2016). Sustainable Smart Cities: Creating Spaces for Technological, Social and Business Development (engelsk). Springer. ISBN 9783319408958. Arkiveret fra originalen 30. oktober 2020. Hentet 4. oktober 2020.
- ^ "Building a Smart City, Equitable City – NYC Forward". Arkiveret fra originalen 4. december 2017. Hentet 4. december 2015.
- ^ Komninos, Nicos (22. august 2013). "What makes cities intelligent?". I Deakin, Mark (red.). Smart Cities: Governing, Modelling and Analysing the Transition. Taylor and Francis. s. 77. ISBN 978-1135124144.
- ^ Dept Business (2013) "As consumers of private goods and services we have been empowered by the Web and, as citizens, we expect the same quality from our public services. In turn, public authorities are seeking to reduce costs and raise performance by adopting similar approaches in the delivery of public services. However, the concept of a Smart City goes way beyond the transactional relationships between citizen and service provider. It is essentially enabling and encouraging the citizen to become a more active and participative member of the community"
- ^ Chan, Karin (3. april 2017). "What Is A 'Smart City'?". Expatriate Lifestyle. Arkiveret fra originalen 24. januar 2018. Hentet 23. januar 2018.
- ^ Hunt, Dexter; Rogers, Christopher (2014). "Smart Cities: Contradicting Definitions and Unclear Measures". MDPI Sciforum – The platform for open scholarly exchange. sciforum.net. s. f004. doi:10.3390/wsf-4-f004. Arkiveret fra originalen 22. marts 2016. Hentet 16. marts 2016.
Videre læsning
[redigér | rediger kildetekst]- Shepard, Mark (2011). Sentient City: Ubiquitous Computing, Architecture, and the Future of Urban Space. New York City. Architectural League of New York. ISBN 978-0262515863.
- Batty, M.; et al. (2012). "Smart Cities of the Future". European Physical Journal ST. 214: 481-518. Bibcode:2012EPJST.214..481B. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3.
- Anastasia Stratigea (2012). The Concept of 'Smart' Cities – Towards Community Development?.
- Townsend, Antony (2013). Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393082876.
- Moir, E.; Moonen, T.; Clark, C. (2014). "What are future cities – origins, meaning and uses" (PDF). Foresight Future of Cities Project and Future Cities Catapult.
- LaFrance, Adrienne (10. juli 2015). "When You Give a Tree an Email Address". The Atlantic.
- Mohanty, Saraju (juli 2016). "Everything You wanted to Know about Smart Cities" (PDF). IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. 6 (3): 60-70. doi:10.1109/MCE.2016.2556879. S2CID 206450227.
- Kamila Borsekova (2016). "The Power of Communities in Smart Urban Development". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 223: 51-57. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.289.
- Cavada, M.; et al. (2016). "Do smart cities realise their potential for lower carbon dioxide emissions?". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Engineering Sustainability. 169 (6): 243-252. doi:10.1680/jensu.15.00032.
- "Smart Cities Technology Roadmap". Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions. april 2017. Hentet 28. juli 2017.
- Saraju Mohanty, Everything You wanted to Know about Smart Cities, IEEE Distinguished Lecture 2017, IEEE CE Society Webinar, 5 October 2017.
- Viitanen, J.; Kingston, R. (2014). "Smart cities and green growth – outsourcing democratic and environmental resilience to the global technology sector". Environment and Planning A. 46 (4): 803-819. doi:10.1068/a46242. S2CID 145283799.
- DelSignore, M.; Riether, G. (2018) Urban Machines: Public Space in a Digital Culture, ISBN 978-88-98774-28-9, an overview of the impact of Information Technology and vision of a possible future – as challenge for architects.
- Andrea Caragliu, Chiara D Bo, KarimaKourtit, PeterNijkamp (2015) Smart Cities, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). ISBN 978-0-08097-086-8ISBN 978-0-08097-086-8
- Zhou, Yong; Xiao, Fan; Deng, Weipeng (23. marts 2022). "Is smart city a slogan? Evidence from China". Asian Geographer: 1-18. doi:10.1080/10225706.2022.2052734.